The Reinforcement of Calcium Carbonate Filled Papers with Phosphorus-Containing Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anionic polyelectrolytes bearing phosphate or phosphonate groups were compared to poly(acrylic acid- co -acrylamide) as reinforcing polymers for paper filled with calcium carbonate. Cationic polyvinylamine, PVAm, was used to promote adsorption of the anionic polymers onto fiber and filler surfaces in the aqueous papermaking suspension. Both poly(acrylamide- co -vinyl phosphonate), PAMVP, and phosphate esters of poly(vinyl alcohol), PVAP, gave stronger paper than did the acrylate copolymers. PAMVP bound soluble calcium ions, resulting in the formation of multichain colloidal-sized clusters. Subsequent addition of PVAm produced dispersed, cationic polyelectrolyte complexes. The polyacrylates bound less soluble calcium and formed weakly scattering clusters. It is proposed that the phosphate and phosphonate groups promote polymer adhesion to the calcium carbonate surfaces, resulting in stronger paper.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".