Singleton types here, singleton types there, singleton types everywhere
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Singleton types are often considered a poor man's substitute for dependent types. But their generalization in the form of GADTs has found quite a following. The main advantage of singleton types and GADTs is to preserve the so-called phase distinction, which seems to be so important to make use of the usual compilation techniques. Of course, they considerably restrict the programmers, which often leads them to duplicate code at both the term and type levels, so as to reflect at the type level what happens at the term level, in order to be able to reason about it. In this article, we show how to automate such a duplication while eliminating the problematic dependencies. More specifically, we show how to compile the Calculus of Constructions into ?H, a non-dependently-typed language, while still preserving all the typing information. Since ?H has been shown to be amenable to type preserving CPS and closure conversion, it shows a way to preserve types when doing code extraction and more generally when using all the common compiler techniques.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it