Floristic composition and variation in late Paleocene to early Eocene floras in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The late Paleocene and early Eocene megafossil floras in North America are found primarily in the Williston, Green River, Powder River, Bighorn, and Alberta Basins of the northern Rocky Mountains and Western Interior. A few rare sites occur in the Mississippi Embayment of the Southeast. In contrast to the abrupt floristic changes seen at the K/T boundary, these floras document a gradual transition in species turnover, or, in the case of the Bighorn Basin, a long-term decrease in taxonomic diversity. This gradual transition is also in marked contrast to the rapid speciation among mammals of the early Eocene. Both preservation, and ability to place these floras within a temporal scale, determine how useful they are in assessing floristic changes across the Paleocene-Eocene transition. In some regions such as the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming precise stratigraphic control has allowed for documentation of paleoclimate change at a highly resolved temporal scale. At others, such as the Almont flora of the Williston Basin in North Dakota, exceptional preservation has provided the basis for describing individual taxa with the precision necessary to better understand their evolutionary and biogeographical histories. This study examines well-known plant taxa in the late Paleocene and early Eocene in the context of their depositional settings and temporal and spatial distribution. Integration of paleoecological and taxonomic studies is critical to understanding the evolutionary and depositional history of early Paleocene vegetation of North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".