China's pre-reform urban transformation: the case of Hangzhou during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the socio-spatial transformation of China during Mao's Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Through the lens of political rationales, government programmes, strategies and expertise and knowledge, this study explores Hangzhou's socio-spatial transformation and the dynamics between the societal and spatial dimensions during the Cultural Revolution. It investigates urban restructuring and population changes, public spaces, signature and special structures, residential buildings, parks and gardens in the city. The research attempts to interpret the perplexing relations between socio-political programmes and spatial projects on the ground. The paper argues that urban development continued under a heroic and revolutionary political agenda, even when urban planning as a discipline was removed during the societal disorder. Urban transformation was characterised by the duality of utopian and revolutionary ideals as well as pragmatic and economised approaches in practice. Utopian communist aspirati...
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it