Motor preparation and the effects of practice: Evidence from startle.
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
To examine sequential movement preparation, participants practiced unimanual movements that differed in amplitude and number of elements for 4 days in either a simple (Experiment 1) or choice (Experiment 2) reaction time (RT) paradigm. On Day 1 and 4, a startling stimulus was used to probe the preparation process. For simple RT, we found increased premotor RT for the two component movement during control trials on Day 1, which was minimized with practice. During startle trials, all movements were triggered at a short latency with similar consistency to control trials, suggesting full advance preparation of all movements. For choice RT, we also found increased premotor RT for control trials for the two component movement. As advance preparation could not occur, the startling stimulus did not trigger any of the movements. We hypothesized that complexity may relate to the neural commands needed to produce the movement, rather than a sequencing requirement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it