Visual short-term memory: Central capacity limitations in short-term consolidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated whether there are central capacity limitations on consolidating information in visual short-term memory (VSTM). Subjects performed a visual memory task (deciding if two displays were the same or different) and a speeded tone pitch discrimination. When the tasks were performed concurrently, interference was observed in both tasks, suggesting that VSTM consolidation requires central resources. The cost of consolidating information in VSTM (as indexed by tone task performance) did not change as the number of to-be-consolidated items was increased, in contrast to previous work that used verbal materials (Jolicœur & Dell'Acqua, 1998 Jolicœur, P. and Dell'Acqua, R. 1998. The demonstration of short-term consolidation. Cognitive Psychology, 36: 138–202. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Results from Experiments 2 and 3 suggest that this apparent difference reflected a contribution from verbal coding in previous studies. Experiments 1 and 4 provided evidence that the capacity limitations had a central locus and were not merely due to preparing for a secondary task.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".