Bibliographic record
Abstract
IN the modern establishment of Baroque orchestras using historical instruments, the trumpet has posed particularly intractable problems. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries all instruments underwent alterations, but none was altered to the extent that the trumpet was. The last two centuries of development have completely changed their shape and the way in which they are played. The invention of valves created fully chromatic instruments that could be as little as a quarter of the length of their Baroque equivalents. Mouthpieces became significantly smaller. Not only did the trumpet's shape and function change radically but the techniques specific to Baroque trumpet playing became outmoded and forgotten. Given these changes, any revival of the Baroque instrument was going to be extremely difficult. My purpose here is to document the major features of this revival. A renewed interest in the history of all the arts, including music, may be observed in the newly industrialized nations of northern Europe from the middle of the 19th century onwards. In Britain, for example, the Arts and Crafts Movement of the 1880s emerged as a reaction to the social upheaval and environmental degradation caused by industrialization and the disproportionate opulence it created for a minority. Men such as John Ruskin (1819–1900) and William Morris (1834–96) championed the return to Gothic architecture, to medieval design and simplicity, to craftsmanship and community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".