A Simple Route of Modifying Copper Electrodes for the Determination of Methanol and Ethylene Glycol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Copper foil electrodes were modified in a stirred NaOH solution at room temperature. Measurements with scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the simultaneous structural transformation and chemical modification of the foil surface. The as‐prepared electrodes produced isolated anodic peaks in the cyclic voltammogram of methanol or ethylene glycol in alkaline solution. The highest anodic peak current was achieved at the electrode that was modified for 5 hours. Amperometric study illustrates that the modified electrode can detect lower than 100 µM methanol with a sensitivity of 15.8 µA/mM or 10 µM ethylene glycol with a sensitivity of 193 µA/mM. Importantly, the method is robust and the prepared electrodes show great reproducibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".