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Record W2000495889 · doi:10.1090/s0025-5718-03-01465-0

A computational approach for solving 𝑦²=1^{𝑘}+2^{𝑘}+…+𝑥^{𝑘}

2003· article· en· W2000495889 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueMathematics of Computation · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicAlgebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Canadian institutionsUniversity of OttawaUniversity of Calgary
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsMathematicsQuartic functionQuadratic equationIntegral equationClass (philosophy)Riemann hypothesisApplied mathematicsPure mathematicsMathematical analysisDiscrete mathematicsGeometry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We present a computational approach for finding all integral solutions of the equation <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y squared equals 1 Superscript k Baseline plus 2 Superscript k Baseline plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus x Superscript k"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">y^2=1^k+2^k+\dotsb +x^k</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for even values of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . By reducing this problem to that of finding integral solutions of a certain class of quartic equations closely related to the Pell equations, we are able to apply the powerful computational machinery related to quadratic number fields. Using our approach, we determine all integral solutions for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2 less-than-or-equal-to k less-than-or-equal-to 70"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>70</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2\le k\le 70</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, and for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2 less-than-or-equal-to k less-than-or-equal-to 58"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≤ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>58</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2\le k\le 58</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> unconditionally.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.394
Threshold uncertainty score0.720

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.304
Teacher spread0.259 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it