Medical management of ulcerative proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, and left-sided colitis.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis distal to the splenic flexure includes disease confined to the rectum (proctitis), rectosigmoid (proctosigmoiditis or distal colitis), or extending to the descending colon or splenic flexure (left-sided colitis). These subtypes represent up to 60% to 80% of newly presenting cases of ulcerative colitis. Although these conditions are defined by the extent of colon that is affected, they also share the characteristic of being amenable to topical therapy. In general, the course of disease is milder and symptoms are less severe than in patients with more extensive colonic involvement. Nonetheless, symptoms may significantly impair patients' health-related quality of life. Treatment options include the oral and/or rectal 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) preparations. Rectal therapy delivering higher concentrations of active medication (5-ASA or glucocorticoids) directly to the inflamed mucosa while minimizing systemic absorption provides a highly effective and safe treatment. Oral glucocorticoids are indicated in patients who are resistant to or intolerant of 5-ASA therapy. Immunomodulators have an important role in individuals with glucocorticoid dependent or glucocorticoid refractory disease. This article reviews the clinical diagnosis and current medical management of ulcerative proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, and left-sided ulcerative colitis, including patients resistant to conventional medical therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".