Sequential Inactivation of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>Using Ozone Followed by Free Chlorine in Natural Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sequential inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in modified natural water using ozone followed by free chlorine was studied. Experiments were conducted at 22°C in modified North Saskatchewan River water at pH 8.5 and pH 6. Animal infectivity using neonatal CD-1 mice was used to measure oocyst viability after treatment. The results showed that the overall inactivation of C parvum using ozone followed by free chlorine in modified NSR water was greater at pH 6 compared; to pH 8.5, but that a synergistic effect was observed at pH 8.5 and not at pH 6. The results also indicated that models developed for ozone inactivation in lab water adequately predicted the inactivation of C. parvum in the modified natural water but models developed for free chlorine in lab water did not give an adequate prediction of the free chlorine inactivation. There were no natural water effects on the inactivation of C. parvum when chemical treatment was not applied.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".