Bhutan: Blazing a Trail to a Postgrowth Future? Or Stepping on the Treadmill of Production?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bhutan is a rare case of a state with a development objective, Gross National Happiness (GNH), that emerged out of a critical perspective on economic growth as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, Bhutan is not immune from pressures that have led other states to see economic growth as a core political imperative. It thus represents a valuable case to examine the possibilities and challenges facing an ecological politics of sufficiency that questions the infinite growth of production and consumption. In addition to providing an overview of the GNH development approach, the article examines how ideas of sufficiency have been incorporated into that approach and asks whether pursuit of GNH actually represents a break with logic of a growth-based economic system. Although a sufficiency-based critique of consumerism and endless growth remains present, this “strong GNH” formulation increasingly contends with a “weak GNH” that is more in line with contemporary pressures for growth and greater consumption.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it