Converting to rice: urbanization, Islamization and crops on Pemba Island, Tanzania,<scp>ad</scp>700–1500
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Prior to Arab and European imperialism, the farmers of eastern Africa's Swahili coast engaged in a mixed economy, including fishing, animal husbandry and trade in the Indian Ocean's early global economy. This trade network also exposed eastern Africans to new Asian foodways. Botanical data from archaeological sites on northern Pemba Island, Tanzania, show that ancient Pembans first relied heavily on pearl millet, but subsequently became specialized producers of cotton and the Asian crops rice and coconut during the growth of the trading town of Chwaka. This turn towards Asian foodways, particularly rice, was part of a broader alignment with Indian Ocean cultures during a period of urbanization and Islamization along Africa's eastern coast between the eleventh and the fifteenth centuries. Rice specialization was risky due to the constraints of suitable land, rainfall, and labour supply, and it is likely that social and political rewards compelled this agricultural innovation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it