Local and Regional Trends in Monthly Maximum Flows in Southern British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential impact of climate change on the hydrologic regime is an important topic in contemporary hydrology. A number of studies have been conducted to identify climate change signals in annual maximum flood records. However less attention has been paid to changes in the regime of flood events of smaller return periods. The overall trend observed in annual maximum flood records gives limited information about intra-annual changes in the hydrological regime of extreme flows. The trends in monthly maximum flows at local and regional scales in a hydro-climatologically homogeneous region from a 40-year common observation period are explored in this study. Trends are identified using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test with a modification for auto-correlated data. The regional significance of trends identified at the local scale is evaluated by means of a regional bootstrap algorithm that preserves the regional cross-correlation structure. Regional average magnitudes of the trend in monthly maximum flows from a common observation period are estimated over the selected region by means of the ordinary block kriging technique and are compared with results obtained from annual maximum flood records. The results show significant changes in the intra-annual monthly maximum flow regime in southern British Columbia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".