Environmental Education in Tourism – A Comparison between Canada and Japan
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract With an increase in concern over the state of the planet, environmental education has come to the forefront. While environmental impacts and sustainable tourism development have dominated recent tourism research, this trend—until recently—has only received minimal coverage in the tourism curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to examine the models of the tourism programs at the university level and to investigate the level of environmental education in undergraduate tourism programs in Canadian and Japanese universities. Course descriptions were collected and analyzed. The Business/Management Model dominates Japanese universities while tourism in Canada is mainly offered under the Liberal Arts Model. There are few tourism degree programs with an environmental focus, however, a growing number of ‘tourism and environment’ courses are identified. With tourism emerging as one of the largest interrelated global industries, there is a need to increase the level of holistic environmental education across tourism degree programs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it