Normal Endothelial Function Despite Insulin Resistance in Healthy Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome<sup>1</sup>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) carry a number of cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, and an altered pattern of sex steroid exposure. Noninvasive measurements of endothelial function, which can demonstrate abnormalities well in advance of clinically apparent disease, have not been previously reported in this patient group. We undertook a cross-sectional evaluation of endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular function using brachial artery ultrasound. We studied healthy women with clinical and laboratory evidence of PCOS (n = 18) and age-matched controls (n = 19), not taking any antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, or hormonal therapies. Laboratory parameters of insulin resistance, glycemia, cholesterol status, and hormone levels were also measured. Despite marked differences in glucose/insulin ratio [6.1 +/- 1.1 mmol/pmol (PCOS) vs. 9.9 +/- 0.6 (controls)] and free androgen index [11.9 +/- 2.3 (PCOS) vs. 3.7 +/- 0.6 (controls); normal, <5], we did not find evidence of impaired endothelial function in our patients with PCOS. Both endothelium-dependent (8.7 +/- 3.1%) and endothelium-independent (23.2 +/- 3.4%) vascular responses were normal, and practically identical to the responses seen in the control group (endothelium-dependent, 9.0 +/- 0.7; endothelium-independent, 23.0 +/- 1.2%). The PCOS women were more obese, but baseline brachial arterial diameters were not different between groups. There was no correlation between degree of insulin resistance or hyperandrogenism and the brachial response. This group of healthy obese young women with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism due to PCOS had normal endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses compared to age-matched controls. The factors resulting in preservation of these response are unclear and warrant further investigation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it