“No longer a memoirist but a voyeur”: Photographing and narrating Bombay in Salman Rushdie's<i>The Ground Beneath Her Feet</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between photography and narration in Salman Rushdie's 1999 Rushdie, Salman. 1999. The Ground Beneath Her Feet, London: Cape. [Google Scholar] novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet in order to consider the changing representation of Bombay in the author's work. In this novel, Rushdie places a photographer‐narrator at the centre of his attempts to negotiate tensions between aesthetics and politics, offering a renegotiation of the relationship between the migrant and his homeland which has been a central concern of his work thus far. I suggest that Rai's photography enables Rushdie to establish a relationship between his changing representational strategies, his own altered position in relation to his place of birth, and the social transformations taking place within Bombay. At the same time, Rushdie positions the crisis in Rai's narration of Bombay as a strategic act of resistance to the rise of exclusionary politics within that city during the 1990s.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it