Understanding the Relationship between Race and Leisure Activities and Constraints: Exploring an Alternative Framework
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study addresses the continuing relevance of race as a persistent societal issue in the U.S., and tackles criticism (Floyd, 1998 Floyd, M. F. 1998. Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 30: 3–22. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Henderson & Ainsworth, 2001 Henderson, K. A. and Ainsworth, B. E. 2001. Researching leisure and physical activity with women of color: Issues and emerging questions. Leisure Sciences, 23: 21–34. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Philipp, 1995 Philipp, S. F. 1995. Race and leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17: 109–120. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) regarding the lack of models to guide research that links race and leisure constraints. Shaw's (1994) Shaw, S. M. 1994. Gender, leisure and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 26: 8–22. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] framework for analyzing women's leisure is explored as a potential vehicle for understanding racial variation in leisure constraints. More specifically, leisure constraints and preferences of African-Americans and Caucasians were examined, and some of the findings challenge the results of previous studies by suggesting African-Americans are not as constrained as are Caucasians. Our findings do, however, support previous research that indicates the two racial groups have distinct leisure preferences. Several explanations for the findings are discussed, particularly the concept of resistance as introduced by Shaw (1994) Shaw, S. M. 1994. Gender, leisure and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 26: 8–22. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar].
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it