Cover Picture: The Effect of Switchable Water Additives on Clay Settling (ChemSusChem 1/2013)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cover picture illustrates the use of switchable water, an aqueous solution with a CO2-switchable ionic strength, to expedite the settling of clay solids without making the process water permanently salty. In strip mining operations, the settling of fine solids such as clay particles from aqueous suspensions is often a time- and material-intensive process. In their Full paper on page 132, Horton and Jessop describe how calcium salts can be used to promote the settling of the solids; however, the liberated salts must then be desalinated before recycling. Using switchable water, the introduction of CO2 increases the ionic strength of the aqueous solution by reacting with an amine additive, thus promoting clay settling. The later removal of CO2 from the liberated water decreases the ionic strength, allowing the water to be recycled.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.130 | 0.092 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it