The Morphosyntax of Halkomelem Lexical Suffixes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halkomelem has a hundred lexical suffixes. They are widely used on verbs, where they serve the role of theme or oblique. The commonly accepted view of lexical suffixation is that it does not alter core argument structure, as noun incorporation does, but rather adds an adverbial or adjectival specification to the stem. This paper presents evidence, based on interactions with applicatives, causatives, and reflexives, supporting instead the claim that lexical suffixes can in fact occupy argument positions in initial structure. Lexical suffixation, because it can internalize a core argument, affects argument structure. Thus, lexical suffixation is like compounding noun incorporation and can be ordered with other argument structure‐altering rules.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it