Protein-Induced Changes in Poly(ethylene glycol) Brushes: Molecular Weight and Temperature Dependence
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terminally grafted chains of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and oligo(ethylene glycol) reduce protein adsorption and cell adhesion on material surfaces. However, previous studies showed that protein−PEG adhesion is induced by the application of pressure. Because polymer behavior can vary with the molecular weight, in this study we directly measured the forces between streptavidin and end-grafted monolayers of PEG of different molecular weights and at grafting densities. The results of these measurements show that grafted PEG chains can exist in two different states: a protein-repulsive state and a protein-attractive state. The attractive state can be induced not only by compression but also by increasing the temperature or by altering the polymer molecular weight. Both the critical applied load to induce the protein-attractive form of PEG and the relaxation time back to the protein-resistant state depend on the molecular weight of the grafted chains. The consequences of the observed behavior for the use of grafted PEG chains as protein antifouling coatings of biomaterials are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it