Protein-Induced Changes in Poly(ethylene glycol) Brushes: Molecular Weight and Temperature Dependence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terminally grafted chains of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and oligo(ethylene glycol) reduce protein adsorption and cell adhesion on material surfaces. However, previous studies showed that protein−PEG adhesion is induced by the application of pressure. Because polymer behavior can vary with the molecular weight, in this study we directly measured the forces between streptavidin and end-grafted monolayers of PEG of different molecular weights and at grafting densities. The results of these measurements show that grafted PEG chains can exist in two different states: a protein-repulsive state and a protein-attractive state. The attractive state can be induced not only by compression but also by increasing the temperature or by altering the polymer molecular weight. Both the critical applied load to induce the protein-attractive form of PEG and the relaxation time back to the protein-resistant state depend on the molecular weight of the grafted chains. The consequences of the observed behavior for the use of grafted PEG chains as protein antifouling coatings of biomaterials are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".