Evaporation model of Lake Qaroun as influenced by lake salinity1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A model for estimating monthly and annual evaporation of Lake Qaroun was developed using the energy budget concept. The evaporation is estimated from the amount of solar radiation, atmospheric long‐wave radiation, back radiation and evaporative energy. A modification is made to the energy equation to allow the calculation of evaporation from saline lakes by analyzing data from four evaporation pans with different salinities. The model simulations were checked against evaporation rates measured by Mankarous WF (1979. Hydrology of Lake Qaroun. MSc thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt). The monthly comparison shows that the model gives an acceptable accuracy with a relative error ranging from −12.4 to +12.9%. The model produces reliable results in terms of annual prediction with a maximum percent error of 3% and the minimum of −2.7%. The standard deviation of differences indicates that there is a good probability of obtaining simulated values within 0.8 mm (in May) to within 22.2 mm (in December) of measured values. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".