An Efficient HOS-Based Gait Authentication of Accelerometer Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a novel efficient and reliable gait authentication approach. It is based on the analysis of accelerometer signals using higher order statistics. Gait patterns are obtained by transformation of acceleration data in feature space represented with higher order cumulants. The proposed approach is able to operate on multichannel and multisensor data by combining feature-level and sensor-level fusion. Evaluation of the proposed approach was performed using the largest currently available data set OU-ISIR containing inertial data of 744 subjects. Authentication was performed by cross-comparison of gallery and probe gait patterns transformed in feature space. In addition, the proposed approach was evaluated using data set collected by McGill University, containing long-sequence acceleration signals of 20 subjects acquired by smartphone during casual walking. The results have shown an average equal error rate of 6% to 12%, depending on the selected experimental parameters and setup. When compared with the latest state of the art, evaluated performance reveal the proposed approach as one of the most efficient and reliable of the currently available accelerometer-based gait authentication approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".