The Effects of Attention Switching on Encoding and Retrieval of Words in Younger and Older Adults
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two experiments examined the interaction between aging, attention switching, encoding process, and recognition memory using different versions of a cued attention switching paradigm. In Experiment 1, 30 younger and 35 older adults encoded words based on font color, meaning, or by explicit learning with a color response during performance of a choice-reaction time (RT) task. Attention switches were cued by means of stimulus location, and occurred on average every seven trials. In Experiment 2, attention switching was precued from a central fixation point and the number of critical switch trials was increased, occurring on average every four trials. Memory was assessed in both experiments by means of a forced-choice recognition task. Results indicated that, relative to color encoding, older adults benefited more than younger adults from semantic encoding, but less from explicit learning instructions. Attention switching disrupted encoding task performance of older adults more than that of younger adults, but recognition memory was generally unaffected. Results are discussed in light of theoretical models of aging memory that posit a role for executive control processing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it