Copper foil-type vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvester
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the modeling, simulation, fabrication and experimental results of a vibration-based electromagnetic power generator (EMPG). A novel, low-cost, one-mask technique is used to fabricate the planar coils and the planar spring. This fabrication technique can provide an alternative for processes such as lithographie galvanoformung abformung (LIGA) or SU-8 molding and MEMS electroplating. Commercially available copper foils of 20 µm and 350 µm thicknesses are used for the planar coils and planar spring, respectively. The design with planar coils on either side of the magnets provides enhanced power generation for the same footprint of the device. The harvester's overall volume is 1 cm3. Excitation of the EMPG, at the fundamental frequency of 371 Hz, base acceleration of 13.5 g and base amplitude of 24.4 µm, yields an open circuit voltage of 60.1 mV, as well as 46.3 mV load voltage and 10.7 µW power for a 100 Ω load resistance. At a matching impedance of 7.5 Ω the device produced a maximum power of 23.56 µW and a power density of 23.56 µW cm−3. The simulations based on the analytical model of the device show good agreement with the experimental results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it