Effects of state regulations on marketing margins and price transmission asymmetry: Evidence from the New York City and upstate New York fluid milk markets
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A marketing margin model that allows testing for constant returns to scale technology and asymmetric marketing costs and farm price transmissions is proposed. Results indicate that a constant returns to scale technology cannot be rejected. During the period prior to the enactment of the price gouging law in June 1991 by the New York State Legislature, significant short‐run and long‐run asymmetries in both marketing costs and farm price transmissions were identified. After 1991, these asymmetries were no longer significant or were reduced substantially. Finally, the legislative change that occurred in 1987, allowing Farmland Dairies' entry into the New York City fluid milk market, contributed significantly to reducing marketing margins in the New York City fluid milk market. [EconLit Citations: D400, C300] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it