Parental perceived value of a diagnosis for intellectual disability (ID): A qualitative comparison of families with and without a diagnosis for their child's ID
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although new technologies such as array genomic hybridization to diagnosis the cause of intellectual disabilities (ID) are exciting to clinicians, the value of an etiological diagnosis to the families of affected children is largely unknown. Parents of 20 children with ID, 10 with and 10 without a causal or an etiological diagnosis were interviewed in depth about the value they place on such a diagnosis. They were asked about experiences acquiring services, use of support groups, interactions with family and friends, and opinions on prenatal diagnosis. Parents were also asked whether their child's diagnostic status had influenced these events or affected the couple's reproductive decisions. Finally, parents were asked whether their interest regarding the importance of an etiological diagnosis had changed over time. Interview transcripts were analyzed to determine values parents place on etiological diagnoses and comparisons were made between the two groups. These parents felt the need for a diagnosis most intensely when developmental concerns were first noted, and most parents agreed that this intensity diminished over time. All would have preferred to have an etiological diagnosis, but for some the only reason was curiosity. Validation was the most important value attributed to a diagnosis: it offered legitimacy for the child's behavior and appearance. However, a descriptive label, such as autism, was often more useful to parents than a rare but specific etiological diagnosis. Surprisingly, between the two groups there were no differences in the parents' perceptions or experiences related to the presence or absence of an etiological diagnosis for their child's ID.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".