Proton tunneling in the benzoic acid dimer studied by high resolution ultraviolet spectroscopy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High resolution ultraviolet spectroscopy has been used to investigate the rotationally resolved excitation spectrum of the first singlet–singlet transition in the benzoic acid dimer. The measured spectrum consists of two overlapping components. The corresponding lines in the two components are shown to originate in different levels of the ground state potential separated by a tunneling splitting produced by concerted proton exchange between the two subunits forming the dimer. The frequency separation between the two components is equal to the difference between the tunneling splittings in the ground and the excited electronic state. This frequency separation is found to be 1107±7 MHz. From the analysis, it is estimated that the barrier for proton tunneling changes by about 20% upon electronic excitation. The structure of the dimer in the ground state is determined to be linear, while in the excited S1 state it is slightly bent (3.4°±1.7°).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it