Process Simulation - From Large Computers and Small Solutions to Small Computers and Large Solutions
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reviews the evolution of process simulation in conjunction with the evolution of computer hardware and software technologies from a chemical engineering perspective. A brief history of this hardware evolution is presented and points to exponential growth of computing power. The current personal computers or full function workstations have at least 1GB of memory, 100GB hard drive and run at 4 GHz. We as chemical engineers can only benefit from this continued hardware evolution, as the personal computer has become our full function slide rule.Concurrent with this hardware evolution there has been a proliferation of operating systems and applications software. Some of the applications software has migrated from mainframes and minicomputers and some has been specifically written to take advantage of the user-friendly features available on today's personal computers. A review of this software is presented with particular emphasis on process simulation software. The currently available fifth generation, non-sequential interactive process simulator does make process modeling and design a truly rewarding experience. This software has been designed to allow the personal computer and the engineer to do what each does best, namely the personal computer performing the systematic number crunching and the engineer the intuitive aspect of process simulation and design. The paper will conclude with a look into the future development of process simulation and its interaction with chemical engineering practice.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it