On the dynamics of piezoactuated positioning systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) are commercially available for producing extremely small displacements. If a PEA is used to drive a positioning mechanism, the combined dynamics is approximated empirically by that of a second-order system. However, the rationale for such an approximation is lacking in the literature, thus leaving some issues unaddressed, such as the scope of and the error associated with the approximation. This paper presents such a rationale for the second-order approximation and a method to quantify the error associated with the approximation, by employing the assumed mode method to solve the governing equation. For the experimental verification, step voltages of 48.2, 64.2, and 75.4 V were used to excite a prototype of the positioning system with a mass ratio of 24.7, 47.7, 87.5, 115.8, and 138.8, respectively; and the measured system step responses were compared to the ones simulated by using the second-order approximation. Also, it is illustrated that the error associated with the approximation can be well characterized and quantified by using the developed method.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".