Accuracy of Axillary Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Nodal Metastasis in Invasive Breast Cancer: A Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Axillary lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in early-stage breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is used to determine the need for axillary node dissection. This technique incurs cost associated with radio-isotope administration and use of the operating room. Accordingly, there is a need to preoperatively identify patients with nodal metastases who can proceed directly to axillary dissection. Axillary ultrasound has increasingly been used to determine nodal status prior to surgery. It has been shown to be a sensitive and specific modality in the detection of nodal metastases. When combined with fine-needle aspiration, the specificity of this modality significantly increases. Here we present a current review of the usefulness of preoperative axillary ultrasound in early and locally advanced breast cancer patients with and without fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Based on this review, we estimate the proportion of patients that can be spared a sentinel lymph node biopsy and the concomitant benefit of axillary ultrasound in terms of cost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".