VARIATION IN HYDROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS BETWEEN ADULT AND NESTLING COOPER'S HAWKS
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogen stable-isotope analysis of feathers is an increasingly popular method for estimating the origins of migrating and wintering birds. Use of this method requires that investigators know which feathers are grown on breeding grounds and how the hydrogen stable-isotope ratios of feathers (δDf) relate to those of local precipitation (δDp). In this study, we measured δDf of adult (primaries 1, 3, and 10) and nestling Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Wisconsin, North Dakota, and British Columbia, Canada. As previously shown, δDf of nestling feathers were related to δDp. In contrast, the δDf of adult feathers grown on the breeding grounds were substantially greater than those of their nestlings, and varied significantly across primary feathers and study areas. Our findings suggest that it is not possible to use hydrogen stable-isotope analysis of feathers to learn the origins of migrating adult Cooper's Hawks (or possibly adults of other large-bodied species with extended molting periods) until more is learned about the physiological or ecological mechanisms underlying these isotopic discrepancies. Variación en las Proporciones de Isótopos Estables de Hidrógeno entre Adultos y Polluelos de Accipiter cooperii Resumen. El análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno en las plumas es un método cada vez más popular para determinar el origen de aves migratorias e invernantes. El uso de esta técnica requiere que el investigador conozca qué plumas crecen en los lugares de nidificación y cómo las proporciones de isótopos estables de hidrógeno de las plumas (δDf) se relacionan con aquellas de la precipitación local (δDp). En este estudio, medimos las δDf en adultos (primarias 1, 3 y 10) y en polluelos de Accipiter cooperii en Wisconsin, North Dakota y British Columbia, Canadá. Como se ha mostrado previamente, las δDf de plumas de polluelos se encontraban relacionadas con las δDp. Por el contrario, las δDf de plumas de adultos que crecieron en los lugares de nidificación fueron substancialmente mayores que aquellas de sus polluelos, y variaron significativamente entre plumas primarias y áreas de estudio. Nuestros resultados sugieren que no es posible utilizar el análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno de plumas para determinar el origen de adultos migratorios de A. cooperii (o de adultos de otras especies de aves con tamaños corporales grandes y con períodos de muda extendidos) hasta que los mecanismos ecológicos y fisiológicos que subyacen a estas discrepancias isotópicas sean mejor entendidos.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it