Experimental Investigation and Network Modeling Simulation of Free Fall Gravity Drainage in Single-Matrix and Fractured-Blocks Models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Free Fall Gravity Drainage as an important recovery mechanism was investigated and analyzed experimentally and by numerical (network model) simulation for both single matrix and fractured blocks models. The results of free fall gravity drainage of these two models were compared to each other to determine whether or not the network of fractures intensify the free fall gravity drainage recovery of matrix blocks. For the experimental study, a set of glass micromodels with real pattern of porous media was constructed in two main forms of single matrix model (as a 2D simulator of conventional reservoirs) and fractured blocks model (as a 2D simulator of fractured reservoirs) in laboratory. Also, two numerical network model simulators were programmed based on pore scale displacement mechanisms (drainage, imbibition and flow through films) to study and compare the behavior of free fall gravity drainage process in two models. The simulator takes into account the dominant displacement mechanisms observed in free fall gravity drainage glass micromodel experiments of both single matrix and fractured blocks models. Free fall gravity drainage experimental results of glass micromodel were used to validate the network model simulator. The mixed-wet wettability of glass micromodels was applied in network model simulator which allows oil to flow through wetting films in oil-wet regions and through spreading films on water in water-wet regions. Method of Image-Analysis was used to generate pore and throat size distribution functions of glass micromodels. The simulators were used to study and interpret the effects of different parameters on free fall gravity drainage results. For this purpose, numerous sensitivity analysis scenarios were tested (run) by numerical simulators to evaluate the effect of different parameters (pore and throat size, fracture aperture, oil density, oil viscosity, gas -oil interfacial tension (sgo) and coordination number (Z)) on results of free fall gravity drainage process. Also, relative permeability and capillary pressure curves of both single matrix and fractured blocks models were generated by numerical network model simulator and are compared to each other.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".