Kinetics of Salt-Induced Annealing of a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Film Morphology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LBL) adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto charged surfaces from aqueous solutions produces multilayered surface structures. A multilayer film of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and polystyrenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (PSS), prepared using 1.0 M NaCl in the polymer solutions, has a vermiculate morphology with roughness greater than 30 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations show that the morphology of the films can be annealed by the introduction of salt solutions of various concentrations. Roughness measurements taken at various times after immersion in salt solution indicate that the decrease in surface roughness is consistent with second-order kinetics. A model is proposed to explain the morphology annealing that relies on the presence of salt ions that free up polymer−polymer contacts, allowing new ones to form. The formation of new polymer−polymer contacts results in a new film morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".