Metabolism of isomalto-oligosaccharides by <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> and bifidobacteria
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Commercial isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) are functional food ingredients. They are composed of α(1→6)- and α(1→4)-linked oligosaccharides. IMO are partially indigestible, and dietary IMO stimulate beneficial members of intestinal microbiota, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. However, data on IMO metabolism by lactobacilli are not available. It was the aim of this study to identify metabolic pathways of IMO metabolism in lactobacilli. This study focused on the host-adapted species Lactobacillus reuteri. Metabolism of bifidobacteria was analysed for comparison. Commercial IMO contained IMO with a degree of polymerization (DP) of up to four and panose-series oligosaccharides (POS) with a DP of up to 5. Lactobacilli metabolized isomaltose preferentially over oligosaccharides with higher DP. Bifidobacteria preferentially metabolized oligosaccharides with higher DP and accumulated glucose. Metabolism of IMO and POS by L. reuteri was attributed to α(1→6)-specific glucanase DexB and maltose phosphorylase. Contribution of maltose phosphorylase was verified by quantification of IMO and POS phosphorolysis in crude cellular extracts of L. reuteri 100-23. In conclusion, metabolism of IMO by lactobacilli is limited to short-chain oligosaccharides, while bifidobacteria preferentially metabolize oligosaccharides with higher DP. The functionality of commercial IMO can thus be modified by degree of polymerization. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) are applied as functional food ingredients, but the composition and biological functionality of current commercial products are poorly documented. This study is the first to analyse IMO metabolism by Lactobacillus reuteri. Bifidobacteria were used for comparison. Commercial IMO contained IMO with degree of polymerization (DP) of up to four and panose-series oligosaccharides with DP of up to 5. L. reuteri preferentially metabolized short-chain oligosaccharides, whereas bifidobacteria preferentially metabolized higher oligosaccharides. Results of this study allow the modification of the biological and technological functionality of commercial IMO by adjustment of the degree of polymerization and will thus facilitate the application development for IMO.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it