Optimal Delivery of Rate-Adaptive Streams in Underprovisioned Networks
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The growth of Internet video traffic imposes a severe capacity problem in today's Content Delivery Network (CDN). Rate-adaptive streaming technologies, such as the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard, reinforces this problem in the core CDN infrastructure since delivering one video means delivering multiple representations for an aggregated bit-rate that is commonly over 10 Mbps. In this paper, we explore better trade-offs between CDN infrastructure cost and Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end-users for live broadcast video streaming applications. We consider in particular underprovisioned CDN networks, our goal being to maximize the QoE for the population of heterogeneous end-users despite the lack of resources in the intermediate CDN equipments. We show that previous theoretical models based on elastic bit-rates do not fit for this context. We propose a user-centric discretized streaming model where the satisfaction of end-users is related to the context and where a stream has to be either delivered in its entirety, or not delivered at all. We first formulate an Integer Linear Program (ILP) that achieves the optimal delivery through a multi-tree delivery overlay. The evaluation of the ILP shows the benefits of this model. We then design a practical system by revisiting the three main algorithms implemented in CDN: user-to-server assignment, content placement and content delivery. At last, we use a realistic trace-driven large-scale simulator to study the performances of our system. In particular, we show that the population of users is reasonably well served (three quarters of the population do not experience degradation) even when the CDN infrastructure experiences a severe underprovisioning (less than half of the required infrastructure).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it