A low-power CMOS class-E power amplifier for biotelemetry applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Designing efficient, fully integrated transceivers that could operate from very low supply voltages and for biomedical implantable electronic systems is a major challenge. This paper presents a fully integrated, 2.4 GHz class-E power amplifier (PA), with a class-F driver stage. The circuit was fabricated in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measurement results show a maximum drain efficiency of 38 % and a maximum gain of 17 dB. When operating from a 1.2 V supply, the PA delivers an output power of 9 mW with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 33 %. The supply voltage can go down to 0.6 V with an output power of 2 mW and a PAE of 25 %. The circuit also has a second output to test the effects of using an on-chip filter in low-power designs. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using class-E PAs for short-range, low-power applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it