Textural feature based target detection in through-the-wall radar imagery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stationary target detection in through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) using image segmentation techniques has recently been considered in the literature. Specifically, histogram thresholding methods have been used to aid in removing the clutter, resulting in ‘clean’ radar images with target regions only. In this paper, we show that histogram thresholding schemes are effective only against clutter regions, which are distinct from target regions. Target detection using these methods becomes challenging, if not impossible, in the presence of multipath ghosts and clutter that closely mimics the target in size and intensity. Because of the small variations between the target regions and such clutter and multipath ghosts, we propose a textural feature based classifier for through-the-wall target detection. The feature based scheme is applied as a follow-on step after application of histogram thresholding techniques. The training set consists of feature vectors based on gray level co-occurrence matrices corresponding to the target and ghost/clutter image regions. Feature vectors are then used in training a minimum distance classifier based on Mahalanobis distance metric. Performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using real-data collected with Defence Research and Development Canada’s vehicle-borne TWRI system. The results show that the proposed textural feature based method yields much improved results compared to histogram thresholding based segmentation methods for the considered cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".