Anisotropic Stress Models Improve Completion Design in the Baxter Shale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In unconventional reservoirs, stress models that account for anisotropy yield a stress profile which better represents in-situ conditions than the profile suggested by an isotropic stress model. Completion designs based on an accurate petrophysical model and stress profile which quantifies containment, influences perforating and staging strategies. This can help improve stimulation coverage from discreet shale intervals and lead to more economic completion decisions. This paper shows a comparison of stress magnitude estimated with a traditional linear poroelastic model from sonic data, with stress magnitude estimated from a model which accounts for transverse isotropy. A case study from the Baxter Shale play will show static and dynamic elastic moduli measured from core and acoustical logging, which vary significantly when measured in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The resultant stress profile estimated with a stress equation which accounts for this anisotropy better characterizes subtle stress changes that are significant for staging and perforating design in unconventional gas plays such as the Baxter Shale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".