Effects of Freezing on UV Inactivation of Waterborne Microorganisms
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work was carried out to investigate the response of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and spores of Bacillus subtilis to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation after freezing. The effect of freezing temperature and freeze thaw cycles on UV inactivation efficiency was investigated using a collimated beam apparatus. Freezing affected the response of all test microbes; overall, a lower UV inactivation was observed in the freezing-treated bacteria. The greatest UV inactivation decrease, approximately 1.0 log unit, occurred in the freezing-treated E. coli. The average inactivation level of E. faecalis after freezing was 0.3–0.5 log unit lower than that of the control, and the difference reached approximately 0.1–0.2 log for B. subtilis spores. Under certain conditions, the significantly lower UV inactivation was observed in E. faecalis after surviving freezing, and the freezing-treated spores became more resistant to UV. Freezing temperature did not have a profound effect on the response of freezing-treated test organisms to UV. Freeze thaw cycles affected the response of E. coli and E. faecalis but not B. subtilis. The results suggested that UV inactivation could be less effective on waterborne microorganisms preexposed to freezing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it