Stress corrosion cracking of oil and gas pipelines in near neutral pH environment: review of recent research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the discovery of transgranular stress corrosion cracking (SCC) on a Canadian gas transmission line in 1985, much research has been conducted in the past 20 years. Findings of the effects of operating conditions, metallurgical and the environmental factors have been useful in preventing and mitigating failures. Several overviews of this problem can be found in the literature and the purpose of this update is to review the research results produced since the turn of the century. The recent report of SCC under static stressing conditions confirms that the cracking is indeed a true SCC process, although the rate of which is low without dynamic loading. In contrast to the high pH pipeline stress corrosion cracking in the carbonate–bicarbonate solution, this forms of cracking in dilute near neutral environment takes much longer time to initiate. Once initiated, the crack growth rate is highly sensitive to the loading rate of the applied mechanical force.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".