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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The classical Grace theorem states that every circular domain in the complex plane <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {C}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> containing the zeros of a polynomial <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> contains a zero of any of its apolar polynomials. We say that a closed domain <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega subset-of-or-equal-to double-struck upper C Superscript asterisk"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Ω </mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⊆ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo> ∗ </mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {C}^*</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a <italic>locus</italic> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if it contains a zero of any of its apolar polynomials and is the smallest such domain with respect to inclusion. In this work we establish several general properties of the loci and show, in particular, that the property of a set being a locus of a polynomial is preserved under a Möbius transformation. We pose the problem of finding a locus inside the smallest disk containing the roots of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and solve it for polynomials of degree <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="3"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . Numerous examples are given.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it