<i>Retracted:</i> Transcriptional activation by stimulating protein 1 and post‐transcriptional repression by muscle‐specific microRNAs of I<sub>Ks</sub>‐encoding genes and potential implications in regional heterogeneity of their expressions
Post-publication record
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement; it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In cardiac cells, KCNQ1 assembles with KCNE1 and forms a channel complex constituting the slow delayed rectifier current I(Ks). Expression of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 are regionally heterogeneous and changes with pathological states of the heart. The aims of this study were to decipher the molecular mechanisms for transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation expression of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 genes and to shed light on the molecular mechanisms for their spatial heterogeneity of distribution. We cloned the 5'-flanking region and identified the transcription start sites of the KCNQ1 gene. We characterized the core promoters of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 and revealed the stimulating protein (Sp1) as a common transactivator of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 by interacting with the Sp1 cis-acting elements in the core promoter regions of these genes. We also characterized the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of the genes and experimentally established KCNQ1 and KCNE1 as targets for repression by the muscle-specific microRNAs miR-133 and miR-1, respectively. We demonstrated spatial heterogeneity of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 distributions at three axes (interventricular, transmural and apical-basal) and disparity between mRNA and protein expressions of these genes. We also found characteristic regional differences of expressions of Sp1 and miR-1/miR-133 in the heart. Our study unraveled a novel aspect of the cellular function of miRNAs and suggests that the I(Ks)-encoding genes KCNQ1 and KCNE1 expressions are dynamically balanced by transcription factor regulation and miRNA repression. The heterogeneities of Sp1 and miR-1/miR-133 offer an explanation for the well-recognized regional differences and disparity between mRNA and protein expressions of KCNQ1 and KCNE1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".