The gene for synapsin III and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have implicated the involvement of proteins regulating neurotransmitter release in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. On the basis of the role of synapsin III in the modulation of neurotransmitter release, we tested this gene as a candidate contributing to the genetic susceptibility of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. METHOD: In this study, we genotyped five markers across the gene on 177 small, nuclear families consisting of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder proband, their parents, and 43 affected siblings. We examined the transmission of the alleles at each one of these sites and the haplotypes of the polymorphisms using the transmission disequilibrium test. RESULT: Our observations did not yield any evidence of biased transmission of the alleles at any polymorphism or haplotype. On the basis of the evidence for synapsins in learning and memory from animal models, we also investigated the relationship of this gene to verbal short-term and working memory as measured by digit span forward and backwards. No evidence was found for an association of this gene to these traits. CONCLUSION: Our findings with this particular sample do not support the synapsin III locus as a major susceptibility locus contributing to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it