Bibliographic record
Abstract
Distinguishing objects on the basis of color is fundamental to humans. In this paper, a clustering approach is used to segment color images. Clustering is usually done using a single point or vector as a cluster prototype. The data can be clustered in the input or feature space where the feature space is some nonlinear transformation of the input space. The idea of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) was introduced to align data along principal components in the kernel or feature space. KPCA is a nonlinear transformation of the input data that finds the eigenvectors along which this data has maximum information content (or variation). The principal components resulting from KPCA are nonlinear in the input space and represent principal curves. This is a necessary step as colors in RGB are not linearly correlated especially considering illumination effects such as shading or highlights. The performance of the k-means (Euclidean distance-based) and Mixture of Principal Components (vector angle-based) algorithms are analyzed in the context of the input space and the feature space obtained using KPCA. Results are presented on a color image segmentation task. The results are discussed and further extensions are suggested.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".