Under (Canadian) Cover: Standard Oil (NJ) and the International Petroleum Company in Peru and Colombia, 1914–1948
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1914, Standard Oil (New Jersey) made its first major investments in Latin America, in Peru and shortly thereafter in Colombia. For strategic reasons Standard Oil set up these ventures through a Canadian subsidiary, Imperial Oil, establishing the International Petroleum Company. As a result, over the next three decades Standard's operations in these countries featured a complex set of relationships involving the host countries, Peru and Colombia, but also its own subsidiaries which became integrated companies in their own right. In addition, Standard Oil, which had initially intended to develop oil supplies for its domestic market, became increasingly tied to the growing markets of the host countries. This study indicates the complicated nature of foreign direct investment undertakings and the unintended consequences of multinational enterprise strategies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it