Synthesis of new n-type isoindigo copolymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three new n-type copolymers were synthesized using the isoindigo monomer. 5-Octylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD), 5,5′-dioctyl-1,1′-4H-bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,4′,6,6′(5H,5′H)-tetrone (BTPD) and 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) were utilized as electron-withdrawing comonomers to obtain reduced or low bandgap n-type copolymers with deep HOMO and LUMO energy levels. The TPD and BTPD copolymers were synthesized using direct arylation polymerization and show bandgaps of 1.72 and 1.75 eV, respectively. Their LUMO and HOMO energy levels are also low at −4.2 and −6.0 eV, respectively. We investigated their electron mobility using thin film transistors and achieved electron mobility as high as 3.0 × 10−4 and 3.5 × 10−3 cm2 s−1 V−1 for the TPD and BTPD copolymers. The DPP copolymer was synthesized using Suzuki conditions and shows a low bandgap of 1.35 eV and a low LUMO energy level of −4.0 eV. The DPP copolymer exhibits an electron mobility of 2.7 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 V−1. All these polymers show interesting properties as potential electron acceptors in all-polymer solar cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".