Winter Effluent Quality from Partial-Infiltration Permeable Pavement Systems
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study, conducted between 2010 and 2012, compares the winter quality of storm water outflows from one pervious concrete and two permeable interlocking concrete pavement systems with runoff from an asphalt control pavement. The permeable pavement systems were designed for partial infiltration with underdrains. During the winter, the pavements were plowed and, occasionally, salted. Analyses are based on samples of permeable pavement effluent and asphalt runoff collected for 19 events over two winter seasons. The permeable pavement systems performed similarly and provided excellent storm water treatment during winter months by reducing event mean concentrations (EMC) and total pollutant loadings for petroleum hydrocarbons, total suspended solids, metals (copper, iron, manganese, and zinc), and nutrients (total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus). The permeable pavements were also shown to provide temporary storage and create opportunities for the dilution of sodium and chloride in outflows. Road salt was identified as a pollutant source for numerous pollutants beyond sodium and chloride. Freezing conditions did not inhibit the functionality of the permeable pavement systems for storm water treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it