Does Part-Time Job Affect College Students’ Satisfaction and Academic Performance (GPA)? The Case of a Mid-Sized Public University
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the effect of work (number of working hours) on college students’ satisfaction and GPA first by grouping the respondents into two categories: working and non-working. The findings show that the average satisfaction and GPA of those students who did not work were found to be slightly higher than those who did work. However, examining the effect of work on satisfaction and GPA by grouping college students as working and non-working may lead to unrealistic conclusions. Hence, we examined the effect of work on satisfaction and GPA by grouping students into 5 categories: those who worked for 0 hours (unemployed), 1- 10 hours, 11-15 hours, 16-20, 21-30, and 31 hours or more. An interesting finding of the current study is that work has positive effect on both satisfaction and GPA, when students did work fewer than 10 hours. Thus, part-job may not always be detrimental to students’ satisfaction. However, when students work for more than 11 hours a week, students’ satisfaction and GPA were found to decline for each additional category of work, although the change is very small. Both theoretical and practical implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it