Improved Empirical Bayes Ridge Regression Estimators Under Multicollinearity
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the regression parameters in a multiple linear regression model when the multicollinearity is present. Under the assumption of normality, we present three empirical Bayes estimators. One of them shrinks the least squares (LS) estimator towards the principal component. The second one is a hierarchical empirical Bayes estimator shrinking the LS estimator twice. The third one is obtained by choosing different priors for the two sets of regression parameters that arise in the case of multicollinearity; this estimator is termed decomposed empirical Bayes estimator. These proposed estimators are not only proved to be uniformly better than the LS estimator, that is, minimax in terms of risk under the Strawderman loss function, but also shown to be useful in the multicollinearity cases through simulation and empirical studies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it